Frequency effect and influence of testing technique on the fatigue behaviour of quenched and tempered steel and aluminium alloy

Influences of testing technique and frequency on the fatigue behaviour of 50CrMo4 and EN AW-5083 were investigated. To clarify the effect of test frequency on the fatigue behaviour, tests with 20 kHz and f < 400 Hz were performed. The frequency effect can be caused by temperature, environment and strain rate. For the aluminium alloy, the influence of environment is responsible for the dependence of fatigue lifetime on the frequency. The fatigue lifetime of the steel showed in both environments similar frequency dependency, i.e. the strain rate is assumed to be responsible for the differences in fatigue lifetime.     

Highly selective sorting of semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes exhibiting light emission at telecom wavelengths

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are known for their exceptional electronic properties.However,most of the synthesis methods lead to the production of a mixture of carbon nanotubes having different chiralities associated with metallic (m-SWNTs) and semiconducting (s-SWNTs) characteristics.For application purposes,effective methods for separating these species are highly desired.Here,we report a protocol for achieving a highly selective separation of s-SWNTs that exhibit a fundamental optical transition centered at 1,550 nm.We employ a polymer assisted sorting approach,and the influence of preparation methods on the optical and transport performances of the separated nanotubes is analyzed.As even traces of m-SWNTs can critically affect performances,we aim to produce samples that do not contain any detectable fraction of residual m-SWNTs.     

An efficient and secure cipher scheme for images confidentiality preservation

In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on two rounds of substitution–diffusion is proposed. Two main objectives have guided the design of this scheme: (a) robustness against the most known type of attacks (statistical, chosen/known plaintext, ciphertext-only and brute force attacks) and (b) efficiency in terms of computational complexity (i.e., execution time reduction) in order to meet recent mobiles’ applications’ requirements. First, a dynamic key, changed for every input image is generated and used as the basis to construct the substitution and diffusion processes. Then, the encryption process is performed by the transmitter based on a non-linear S-box (substitution) and a matrix multiplication (diffusion), applied on each sub-matrix of the image. At the destination side, decryption is applied in the reverse order. We have conducted several series of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The obtained results validated the robustness of our scheme against all considered types of attacks and showed an improvement in terms of execution time reduction compared to the recent existed image-encryption schemes.     

Research on temperature field and temperature effect of steel silos under solar radiation

综合使用光线追踪法和点盒位置判断理论，提出了一种高效的钢板筒仓太阳辐射阴影区计算方法，并通过试验验证了该方法的计算精度。分析了钢板筒仓加盖和不加盖、满仓和空仓时太阳辐射非均匀温度场的时空分布规律，其中不加盖空仓时的太阳辐射非均匀温度场对结构最为不利。不加盖空仓时钢板筒仓结构正温差温度效应最大，与不考虑太阳辐射均匀温度作用工况相比，最大温度变形、最大温度应力、支座最大径向反力分别增加了135%、85%、85%，支座环向反力从0kN增加到132 kN，建议在工程设计中合理考虑太阳辐射非均匀温度效应。     

Approach for fatigue damage assessment of welded structure considering coupling effect between stress and corrosion

This paper presents a new approach to assess time-dependent corrosion fatigue damage of welded joint considering the coupling effect between mechanical factor and corrosion factor. The high stress region around weld will accelerate corrosion and be more likely to induce nonuniform corrosion of welded joint. And the effect of loading on corrosion behavior of the steel in NaCl solution was investigated. The synergistic effect between applied elastic stress and chemical attack on Q235 steel was evaluated by electrochemical experiments. A side longitudinal of ship structure is selected as a case study. Time-dependent stress concentration factor of welded joint as a function of corrosion deterioration was analyzed, and the iterative process of stress and corrosion degeneration of plate thickness was used to simulate coupling effect basing on the results of experiment. The hot spot stress approach was adopted to calculate the fatigue damage. It is revealed that the nonuniform corrosion could influence fatigue damage of welded joint, and that impact will be more and more significant with the growth of corrosion year.     

Cooperative warning systems: The impact of false and unnecessary alarms on drivers’ compliance

Cooperative warning systems have a great potential to prevent traffic accidents. However, because of their predictive nature, they might also go along with an increased frequency of incorrect alarms that could limit their effectiveness. To better understand the consequences associated with incorrect alarms, a driving simulator study with N = 80 drivers was conducted to investigate how situational context and warning urgency jointly influence drivers’ compliance with an unreliable advisory warning system (AWS). The participants encountered several critical urban driving situations and were either assisted by a 100% reliable AWS, a 60% reliable AWS that generated false alarms (without obvious reason) or a 60% reliable AWS that generated unnecessary alarms (with plausible reason). A baseline drive without any assistance was also introduced to the study. The warnings were presented either only visually or visual-auditory. In line with previous research, drivers’ compliance and effectiveness of the AWS was reduced by false alarms but not by unnecessary alarms. However, this so-called cry wolf effect (Breznitz, 1984) was only found in the visual-auditory condition, whereas there was no effect of warning reliability in the condition with visual AWS. Furthermore, false but not unnecessary alarms caused the participants to rate the AWS less favourably during a follow-up interview. In spite of these negative effects of false alarms, a reduction in the frequency of safety-critical events (SCEs) and an earlier braking onset were evident in all assisted drives compared with that of non-assisted driving, even when the AWS was unreliable. The results may thus lower concerns about the negative consequences of warning drivers unnecessarily about upcoming traffic conflicts if the reasons of these alarms are comprehensible. From a perspective of designing AWS, we recommend to use less urgent warnings to prevent the cry wolf effect.     

Numerical investigation of supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube

The submerged combustion vaporizer (SCV) is indispensable general equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. In this paper, numerical simulation was conducted to get insight into the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical LNG on the tube-side of SCV. The SST model with enhanced wall treatment method was utilized to handle the coupled wall-to-LNG heat transfer. The thermal–physical properties of LNG under supercritical pressure were used for this study. After the validation of model and method, the effects of mass flux, outer wall temperature and inlet pressure on the heat transfer behaviors were discussed in detail. Then the non-uniformity heat transfer mechanism of supercritical LNG and effect of natural convection due to buoyancy change in the tube was discussed based on the numerical results. Moreover, different flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the bend tube sections were also analyzed. The obtained numerical results showed that the local surface heat transfer coefficient attained its peak value when the bulk LNG temperature approached the so-called pseudo-critical temperature. Higher mass flux could eliminate the heat transfer deteriorations due to the increase of turbulent diffusion. An increase of outer wall temperature had a significant influence on diminishing heat transfer ability of LNG. The maximum surface heat transfer coefficient strongly depended on inlet pressure. Bend tube sections could enhance the heat transfer due to secondary flow phenomenon. Furthermore, based on the current simulation results, a new dimensionless, semi-theoretical empirical correlation was developed for supercritical LNG convective heat transfer in a horizontal serpentine tube. The paper provided the mechanism of heat transfer for the design of high-efficiency SCV.     

Zirconium oxide dielectric layer grown by a surface sol–gel method for low-voltage,hysteresis-free,and high-mobility polymer field effect transistors

A simple, facile surface sol–gel method is introduced for the fabrication of zirconium oxide films for use as a dielectric layer of a solution-processed polymer field effect transistor (PFET). High dielectric strength is demonstrated for a zirconium oxide layer under room-temperature fabrication conditions using a surface sol–gel method without any post-treatments, which are typically needed in general sol–gel methods. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy showed that the fabricated zirconium oxide layer consists of inorganic ZrO₂ and organic alkoxide groups, which can explain its marginal dielectric constant (∼9) and continuous film properties. In addition, by finishing the surface sol–gel synthesis at the stage of chemisorption, the hydrophobic nature of the final surface was retained, leading to a trap-free semiconductor/dielectric interface. As a result, the PFET made with a conventional polymeric semiconductor rendered nearly hysteresis-free and high mobility (0.3 cm²/V) characteristics at low voltage (<2 V).     

大学生课外体育锻炼效果综合评价及网络构想

为了分析普通高校大学生课外体育锻炼效果，笔者运用文献资料、专家访谈对陕西省部分普通高校大学生参加课外体育锻炼效果的综合评价进行了分析，并根据研究的结果提出大学生课外体育锻炼效果评价的发展趋势和方向。     

旋转机械无线监测中的多普勒效应

由于应用无线通信技术对旋转机械进行状态监测时,无线设备安装在转轴上随轴高速旋转,无线设备之间的相对位置发生变化,因此会产生多普勒效应,影响无线通信。针对这一问题,首先,提出了两种无线设备安装方式;然后,建立了旋转运动中无线设备的多普勒频移理论模型,并分析了影响无线通信的因素;最后,对水润滑轴承水膜压力进行无线监测试验,引入误码率和丢包率研究了其与轴转速之间的关系,并对多普勒频移理论模型进行验证。理论与试验分析结果表明:多普勒频移与无线设备摆动圆直径、轴转速以及电磁波入射角密切相关,尤以转速影响为甚;在433 MHz通信频率下,无线监测方法不能很好地用于转速接近或超过10kr/min的旋转机械;转速对丢包率的影响大于误码率,丢包率为误码率的2~3倍。